Mar Saba Monastery Area that is located 10km to the east-south of Bethlehem in an area with an approximate size of 2000 dunums, with an elevation of about 200 m over sea level and an annual rain fall of 50-400mm. to the Middle of the site which the present Monastery consists of the original carved part in addition to the part constructed later in 482A.D. where St. Saba has lived till the age of 94. This Monastery was destroyed twice in the seventh century and then rebuilt in the eighth century. The convent has a cave full of the skulls of monks who where killed by the Persians invaders.
    This site has some vallies interposed this area like Ra’as Naqab Al Hemar "small Grand Canyon" that is considered as one of the most beautiful area in the south of West bank and it is not noon to the public and it is a part of Wadi Eldaraga " Wadi Khreton/ south east of Bethlehem. It has some Byzantium and Romanian monasteries that are built in the past era and there are still some of mosaics in some agrologic areas.
The Jerusalem Wilderness mostly falls under the Irano-Turanian climate system, with a mountainous & desert habitat. The Wilderness also extends east from areas within both the Bethlehem and Hebron Districts towards the shores of the Dead Sea. Although if compared to other climate and habitat systems in the world, the Jerusalem Wilderness(el-Bariyah) or (Judean Desert), which is defined by semi-desert climate and habitat, does not enjoy such a high level of resident biodiversity. However, given its unique location biogeographically, the Jerusalem Wilderness serves as one of the most important bird areas in the Western Palearctic according to the international organization criteria "Birdlife International".
    This region is characterize by the abundance of three phytogeographical regions, that is presented from the western site of the Jerusalem Wilderness by the Mediterranean territory, and changing to the Irano Turanian territory and Saharo-Arabian territory respectively to the east.
    Furthermore, this site is also important for bird conservation because of their value for education, research or tourism and ecotourism. However, enriches within areas where birds concentrate in important numbers, either when breeding, or on passage or in winter, and many other criteria, as well as this is due to its location on the major migration route of many bird species during the year.

    There is a need here to mention that the land there is agriculturally used, where local people plant fruits, and wheat, which seems useful for them in their daily life. The land also is used for grazing by the livestock owners in that area, this is considered their income to live on, where people depends on them to continue living and practice their work.
Land and water use. Unmanaged environmental impacts will decrease its natural and cultural values, in which environmentalists will feel that much of its Biodiversity will be affected directly.

    The need to protect the Jerusalem Wilderness area is evident as it serves as habitat and refuge for not only the migratory and resident birds in Palestine, but also a major portion of the Eastern European and Central Asian bird populations. Moreover, the wealth of this area, in terms of its wildlife, could be used for the benefit of the local people through employing Nature Conservation “tools” such as: International and Regional Ecotourism which has proven to raise public awareness through linking Nature Protection and Economic gain for the local people
There are some Bedouin families in this area come from Arab Al Kaaba’na and Al Rashida. They from area to another asking for water and grass, some of them stay at this area by all the year, and some become citizens in this area and farmers.
    It can be reached by many ways either by Bethlehem district or from Tequa’ village and then pass to Al Asakra village , or through Wadi Khreton region, or from the south side of the Dead Sea Ras Negev ElHumar region and go up to the high mountain and then to this wonderful area. This area is contact with Ein Gedi region from the southern eastern part region of the West Bank.
    There is way to this monastery from the southern side and it is called Al Nabi Musa way (the Jerusalem – Jericho main road ), and then from Al Sahara region to the eatern side of the monastery through the desert and mount way at which a lot of tourist visit daily because of the beauty of this region, there is a main road from Bethlehem and pass by Beit Sahour and Village to the monastery region. The herder and their shepherd live in this region.

    Wadi Qadron is a lasting stream. The sewage water is currently transferred from Jerusalem, Bethlehem, Beit Sahour, Beit Jala, and the Israeli’s settlements to this stream. This region consists of religious and historical rewinds return to the fifth century, specially the remaining of the construction rewinds on the top and the center of the mountain, which the animals and birds use it as a shelter during the winter and
Breeding time.